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In contrast to adaptive strategies, none of the friends' maladaptive strategies affected adolescents' maladaptive strategies. This study aimed to examine whether coping skills, emotion regulation and alcohol use moderate the relationship between psychological distress and non-suicidal self-injury. Best friends' adaptive strategies for sadness did not have an effect on adolescents' adaptive strategies. In order to prevent more severe self-injury and later suicide, understanding of non-suicidal self-injury is imperative. Best friends' adaptive strategies (T1) indirectly influence the development of maladaptive strategies (T2 − T1) through the change of adaptive strategies (T2 − T1) and, in turn, the development of depressive symptoms (T2 − T1 two-step mediation). Based on a two-wave longitudinal sample of 238 German adolescents, true change analyses showed positive effects of best friends' adaptive strategies (T1) on the change of adolescents' adaptive strategies (T2 − T1) for anger and fear. By doing so, they can also protect themselves from emotional attack. They can control their thoughts and react better to situations. Self-Emotional Control User can regulate/control their own emotions, making it so that they can keep themselves from feeling a certain way about something if they wish to do so.
![emotion regulation emotion regulation](http://sites.tufts.edu/emotiononthebrain/files/2014/10/Process-Model-Figure.png)
This study examines the effects of best friends' emotion regulation strategies (regarding the emotions anger, fear, and sadness) on the development of adolescents' emotion regulation strategies and subsequent depressive symptoms. The ability to regulate one's own emotions.